隔爆一体式变频电机调速系统电磁兼容研究

隔爆一体式变频电机调速系统电磁兼容研究.part1.rar

摘    要
    为适应薄煤层机械化开采，制造大功率、高强度、矮机身综采设备的一个重要前提就是要有结构紧凑、性能优良的防爆电机.隔爆一体式变频电机将变频驱动与电机本体安装于一个防爆机壳中，为用户提供一个完备的动力系统，更好地满足煤炭生产机械化的需要。而机电一体化电机的电磁兼容问题常常威胁到电机周围的设备以及电机自身的安全运行。变频器是该系统中的主要电磁骚扰源，故而对矿用变频器电磁兼容技术之研究工作尤显重要。本文从干扰源、耦合路径、敏感部件三要素入手，结合隔爆一体式变频电机变频电源的研制工作，分析系统存在的电磁干扰、预防措施及电磁干扰问题仿真与风险评估。其主要内容及创新之处如下：
    (1) 对变频器辅助开关电源进行EMI仿真分析，其仿真结果及实际调试足以证明该开关电源基本满足相关标准关于辐射发射限值的要求。
    (2) 主电路中IGBT的开断，是该系统的主要骚扰源。本文通过对其共模干扰之成因及传播特性进行分析，提出了一种阻断电磁干扰耦合路径的抑制方法，并通过对散热器表面电流及电场之仿真，证明该方法在理论上的正确性。
    (3) 通过主电路浪涌试验，验证该产品是否满足极端环境。利用虚拟样机技术，结合薄煤层采煤机械制造之需求，设计一种体积小、电磁兼容性好的吸收电路。
    (4) 以提高控制板的抗扰性为目的，通过以开关电源为端口，对控制板作电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度试验，并采取了相应的改进措施，取得一定的抑制效果。
    (5) 以电磁兼容理论为指导,为利用三维建模技术应用于机电一体化系统电磁兼容结构设计与仿真分析提供技术方案和研究思路。在对变频器物理样机的研制过程中，从电磁兼容、低感母线、机械强度、爬电距离等角度，设计了一种层叠母线。分别通过计算和软件仿真证明该母线可有效地减小功率母线对电机驱动器空间电磁干扰，有利于降低功率模块在开关过程中的过压，从而保障系统运行的安全可靠。

关键词：薄煤层, 煤矿机械, 隔爆电机, 矿用变频器, 虚拟样机技术, 电磁兼容

Study on EMC of the Electric Speed Control System for Flame-proof Integrative Variable-frequency Motor
Abstract
The compact and excellent explosion-proof motor is one of the preconditions for the manufactural demand of the high-power, high-strength and low-airframe combination cutting and loading machines for meeting the thin coal seam mechanical mining demand. The flame-proof integrative motor that are made of frequency-converter and motor in a protecting shell provide a self-contained drive system, and meet the manufactural requirements of the mining machinery. But the EMI affects the safety and stabilization of the surrounding equipments and the motor system itself. The frequency converter is the primary EMI source. So study on EMC strategy in mine converter is especially important. Starting with the 3 factors of EMI, combining with the making work of frequency converter in integrative motor system, the EMI source, preventive measure, EMC risk evaluation and simulation of EMI are researched in this paper. The main contents and innovations include:
    (1) EMI simulation analysis is carried on the switched-mode power supply of frequency converter. The result of simulation and debugging testify that the supply satisfy the pertinent criterions on emission limit basically.
    (2) The output voltage of IGBT inverter bridge arm can be regard as the EMI source. According to analyzing the reason for the formation of EMI and propagation characteristic, the suppression method is presented by breakage EMC coupling path. Theory analysis adopts the simulation of surface current and electrical field of heat sink.
    (3) According to the surge immunity test to main circuit, validate the product whether satisfy extreme circumstance. A small and finer-EMC snubber circuit is designed with virtual prototyping technology, based on the manufacturing need of the sink coal mine machines.
    (4) For the aim to advance the immunity of control circuit, according to the electrical fast transient burst immunity test by the switching power port, adopt corresponding ameliorative measure to acquire some suppressive effects.
    (5) EMC theory as the guide, combining the configuration analysis, to supply the scheme and idea of system-level EMC analysis with 3D modeling technology. During the manufacture of mine-used converter prototype, based on the compact volume characteristics of the mine-used motor driver, the terrace generatrix is designed, from view of creepage distance, mechanism intensity, low stray inductance bus bar, and EMC. The conclusion is that the terrace generatrix is propitious to reduce the power generatrix parasitical reduction, decrease the additional high voltage during the switching process, cut down the electric interference in the motor driver and ensure the system safe operation，which is proved by engineering calculation and computer simulation respectively

Key Words：Thin Coal Seam, Coal Mine Machinery, Flame-proof Machine, Mine-used Frequency Converter, Virtual Prototyping Technology, Electromagnetic Compatibility

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目    录
摘    要    I
Abstract    II
第一章 绪论    1
1.1课题研究的背景及意义    1
1.2国内外研究现状和水平    4
1.3主要研究方法及内容    6
第二章 辅助开关电源电磁干扰研究    7
2.1PCB与天线    7
2.1.1 环天线与差模辐射    7
2.1.2 单极天线与共模辐射    11
2.2开关电源电磁干扰的产生与耦合路径分析    14
2.3被试开关电源基本原理描述    15
2.4被试开关电源所采取的EMI抑制措施    16
2.5被试开关电源电磁兼容风险仿真与评估    17
2.6本章小结    18
第三章 功率主电路电磁干扰研究    19
3.1典型电力电子传动系统及其传导噪声传播路径    19
3.1.1典型的电力电子传动系统    19
3.1.2产品电路中的共模信号和差模信号    20
3.1.3关于串扰机理的研究    21
3.1.4典型的电力电子传动系统传导噪声传播路径    23
3.2 一体化电机功率主电路的传导共模干扰分析    24
3.3 共模电流抑制方法研究    26
3.4对抑制效果的仿真论证研究    28
3.4.1关于IGBT模块的选用情况    28
3.4.2仿真结果    29
3.5 本章小结    30
第四章 功率主电路浪涌试验    31
4.1 浪涌试验设备    31
4.1.1 用于电源线路试验的综合波发生器    28
4.1.2 用于通信线路试验的CCITT波发生器    32
4.2 浪涌抑制器件    33
4.3 试验配置及结果    34
4.4 吸收电路    35
4.4.1 抑制集电极和发射极浪涌电压的措施    35
4.4.2 器件选取及电路结构设计    35
4.5 本章小结    37
第五章 数字控制系统电磁敏感度研究    38
5.1 端口的概念    39
5.2 EFT/B试验    40
5.2.1 问题的提出    40
5.2.2 电快速瞬变脉冲干扰机理研究    40
5.3 测试结果与分析    42
5.3.1 试验过程与现象    42
5.3.2 共模瞬变骚扰在数字系统中的耦合路径    43
5.3.3 公共阻抗引起的干扰    44
5.4 本章小结    45
第六章 系统结构设计    46
6.1 对设计工作的开展    46
6.2 功率模块布局研究    46
6.3 层叠母线技术应用研究    47
6.3.1 层叠母线结构设计    48
6.3.2 分析层叠母线对空间电磁干扰的削弱程度    49
6.3.3 对功率母线寄生电感的估算    51
6.3.4 机械强度校核    52
6.3.5 爬电距离的测量与修正    53
6.4 本章小结    54
第七章 结论    55
参考文献    57
在学研究成果    60
致    谢    61

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